The last several years have seen a drastic spike in the number of businesses hiring independent contractors. This rush to bring in freelance labor, however, carries the risk of misclassification — incorrectly classifying your new workers as contractors or employees when they are, in fact, the other — which carries significant penalties. 

Business owners navigating these waters need to make sure they are filing the correct forms. However, this becomes significantly more difficult as you dive deeper into the weeds. That’s why we made the flowchart presented here; the remainder of this article breaks it down further and explains what tax forms every business needs for hiring contractors.

Tax forms every business needs for hiring contractors in the US

A contractor’s operating location is the first of several considerations when determining what tax forms you will need for them. All U.S.-based contractors will require a W-9 form and some form of 1099.

Tax Forms Every Business Needs for Hiring Contractors in the US

Contractor Type	Forms to Collect	Forms to Issue	IRS Filing
US Contractor	W-9	1099 (relevant variant)	1096 (paper only)

To collect: W-9

A W-9 form is collected by the company at or before the time of hire, but it should be collected at least by the time of the first payment. This form certifies the contractor’s Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) or Social Security Number (SSN).

W-9 collection typically follows a standard procedure: 

1. The employer sends a digital PDF for the contractor to fill out or has them fill out a physical copy
2. The contractor sends the filled copy to the employer
3. The employer and contractor keep a copy in their records

W-9s do NOT need to be filed with the IRS; simply keep a copy handy in the event of an audit.

To issue: 1099

Form 1099 is the company’s account of all income made from independent contracting services. The most commonly used form for independent contractors is the 1099-NEC. However, there are several variants of Form 1099, a few of which may also apply:

Common 1099 variants for independent contractors

1099 Form	Purpose
Form 1099-NEC	Payments to independent contractors (the primary form for 1099 workers)
Form 1099-MISC	Miscellaneous income (e.g., rent, prizes, royalties)
Form 1099-K	Payments received via third-party platforms
Form 1099-INT	Interest income (from banks, etc.)

These forms need to be issued to both the IRS and the contractor prior to January 31, assuming they have made more than $600.

To file with the IRS: Form 1096

Tax Form 1096 is an account of the total 1099s being submitted in a fiscal year, including the total amount paid and the total number of forms. It essentially functions as a kind of cover sheet for the IRS, but it is only necessary when submitting paper 1099s; if you plan on e-filing, the 1096 is not necessary. 

If you plan on using a 1096, submit it with COPY A of all 1099 forms included on the 1096 by January 31. The address to submit varies depending on where your business is located; use the IRS guide “Where to file Form 1096” to determine the correct location.

Tax forms every business needs for hiring contractors internationally

Cross-border hiring carries with it an entirely different set of forms in order to prevent misclassification. Contrary to domestic hiring, where the form being issued has a large number of variants, however, international hiring places a larger focus on the form being collected from the contractor.

Tax forms every business needs for hiring contractors internationally

Contractor Type	Forms to Collect	Forms to Issue	IRS Filing
Foreign (Individual)	W-8BEN	1042-S	1042, 945
Foreign (Qualifying Individual)	W-8BEN, 8223	1042-S	1042, 945
Foreign (Agency)	W-8BEN-E	1042-S	1042, 945

To collect: W-8BEN

The W-8BEN is the standard form to collect when hiring international contractors. Mirroring the domestically oriented W-9, the W-8BEN certifies that the contractor is a foreign person, documenting relevant tax identification and claim of treaty benefits. 

There is one variant of the W-8BEN, the W-8BEN-E, which is used in the event that the foreign entity being contracted is an agency or business operating in another country.

International contractor tax forms based on the mode of partnership

Individual	Agency/Business
W-8BEN	W-8BEN-E

In certain circumstances, foreign individuals may find themselves doing work within the United States. Until those individuals meet the requirements for the “Substantial Presence Test”, they may qualify for additional tax exemptions using Form 8233 up to 30% of their income. The standards to qualify for Form 8233 include: 

• Have been in the country for >183 days
• Are foreign nationals
• Are working within the United States

Once the contractor meets these standards, they must switch to a W-9. Form 8233 must be submitted by the contractor to the employer along with their W-8BEN, who then sends the form to the IRS within 5 days of receipt (W-8BENs are not sent to the IRS, but the employer keeps a copy for their records).

To issue: Form 1042-S

Form 1042-S acts as the international equivalent of the 1099-NEC for international contractors. These forms document the amount paid, tax withheld, income code, as well as the country of residence. Unlike the 1099-NEC, however, the 1042-S is a singular document with no variants, making this aspect of international hiring significantly easier.

1042-Ss must be filed by March 15 with the IRS.

To file with the IRS: Form 1042

Similar to Form 1096 for domestic contractors, Form 1042 acts as the summary cover sheet for all 1042-Ss filed by the employer within the last year, including: 

• Total income
• Amount of tax withheld
• Total number of forms filed

These forms are filed by March 15 with the IRS.

To file with the IRS: Form 945

Form 945 is filed by the employer directly to the IRS to report federal income tax withheld from non-employees. This includes backup and withholding, as long as it has been paid to the IRS over the course of the year. 

Form 945 must be filed by January 31 directly with the IRS.

Is there an easier way to do this?

As this article hopefully illuminates, navigating the tax forms every business needs for hiring contractors is difficult. More so, the price paid for misclassification is steep – several countries even take IP ownership into account when determining penalties for failure to file or misfiling, meaning that employers stand to lose control over work that they have already paid for. 

This is precisely why so many businesses choose to work with an agent-of-record (AOR) provider like Payoneer Workforce Management. We help you handle the time-consuming granular work, reducing misclassification errors so that your operations are able to grow smoothly.

FAQs

1) What about foreign nationals living in the US or US citizens working abroad? 

Citizenship plays a critical role in determining what tax forms businesses need for hiring contractors, and it gets especially tricky when evaluating that against where they live and how long they’ve lived there. 

Foreign nationals, for example, who have lived within the US for 183+ days have met the “Substantial Presence Test”, assuming those 183 days fall into one of the three following categories: 

• 100% of days in the current year
• 33% of days last year
• 18.5% of days the year before

In these cases, that foreign national would be issued a W-9 instead of the usual W-8BEN. The following table breaks this down a bit more clearly:

Tax forms for hiring contractors based on location & citizenship status

Contractor Type	SPT Met?	Location	Form to Collect
US Citizen	N/A	Anywhere	W-9
Green Card Holder	N/A	Anywhere	W-9
Foreign National	Yes	Inside US	W-9
Foreign National	No	Inside US	W-8BEN
Foreign National	N/A	Outside US	W-8BEN

2) What about the other forms of 1099s? 

Form 1099 has several variants beyond the four discussed in the section above. The table below lists each, including why they typically do not apply for hiring contractors. 

1099 Form	Why They Don’t Apply
1099-DIV	Reports dividends and distributions
1099-B	Reports income from broker or barter exchanges (stocks, trades)
1099-R	Reports retirement account distributions
1099-G	Reports government payments (e.g., unemployment compensation)
1099-C	Reports canceled debts
1099-Q	Reports distributions from education savings accounts
1099-S	Reports proceeds from real estate transactions

3) Do I need to file multiple 1099s? 

The answer here is complicated. The short answer is “It’s possible, but probably not.” 

A separate 1099 will need to be filed for each individual contract signed with a client. That means that it’s entirely possible to fill out multiple 1099s, even with the same client, for separate jobs worked. It gets more complicated.

This aspect of 1099s gets confusing; a helpful way to think of it is with two filters:

Filter #	1099 Variant
1. What is the payment being given for?	Contractor Services	Rents, Royalties, Prizes	Interest
	(NEC)	(MISC)	(INT)
2. Was I paid directly or via a third party?	Direct – Check, Transfer	3rd-Party	Brokerage/Wallet
	(Use form from Filter 1)	(K)	(DIV/INT)

The confusion around 1099 management is one of the primary reasons businesses consider working with contractor management tools like Payoneer Workforce Management; these platforms provide business owners with the tools they need to easily and efficiently classify independent contractors appropriately to minimize misclassification risks and get operations moving. 

4) What if I’m not sure if the worker is actually a contractor? 

If your worker falls into the “employee” designation, you’ll need to file a form W-2 instead of a W-9. The line between contractors and employees is remarkably thin, but you can use provided guides like the IRS 20-point checklist to narrow down your evaluation.

If you are still unsure, however, you can also file a Form SS-8 to request an IRS determination of worker status.

5) Do contractors get 1099-MISC or 1099-NEC?

Contractors typically receive a 1099-NEC for non-employee compensation. The 1099-MISC is used for other types of payments, like rent or legal settlements, not for standard contractor work.

6) Do I need an EIN if I hire independent contractors?

You don’t always need an EIN, but it’s recommended. If you’re filing 1099 forms with the IRS, especially as a business, having an EIN simplifies the process and keeps your personal information private.

7) Do contractors fill out a W-9 or a 1099?

Contractors fill out a W-9 to provide their taxpayer information to the hiring company. The company then uses that information to issue a 1099-NEC if the contractor is paid $600 or more during the year.